Metadata fields

Metadata fields can be used to filter data.

These fields affect behavior only in the visualization and analysis modes (Dashboard, Report and Library) and must be specified in the subsections.

For the latest release of GHOST, the following metadata fields are supported:

Parameter

Description

Default

GHOST_version

Version of GHOST.

1.5

station_reference

reference ID for station.

WIGOS_station_identifier

WIGOS station identifier (WSI).

station_timezone

Name of the local timezone that the measuring station is located in. This is automatically generated using Timezone Finder Python package (taking longitude and latitude as inputs).

latitude

Geodetic latitude of measuring instrument, in decimal degrees North, following the stated horizontal datum.

longitude

Geodetic longitude of measuring instrument, in decimal degrees East, following the stated horizontal datum.

altitude

Altitude of the ground level at the station, relative to the stated vertical datum, in metres.

sampling_height

Height above the ground of the inlet/instrument/sampler, in metres.

measurement_altitude

Altitude of the inlet/instrument/sampler, relative to the stated vertical datum, in metres.

ellipsoid

The ellipsoidal model of the earth used as a basis for 2D and 3D geographic coordinate systems.

horizontal_datum

Name of the horizontal datum used in defining geodetic latitudes and longitudes on the Earth’s surface. The datum is set when positioning an ellipsoid model of the Earth to an anchor point. If not explicitely stated then this is assumed to be ‘World Geodetic System 1984’.

vertical_datum

Name of the vertical datum used to define vertical elevation on the Earth. The datum is a surface of zero elevation to which other heights can be reference against. If not explicitely stated then this is assumed to be ‘tidal - mean sea level’.

projection

Name of the projected coordinate system of the original provided station position x, y coordinates. If the original coordinates are not projected, then this is set as ‘geographic’.

distance_to_building

Distance to the nearest building of the inlet/instrument/sampler, in metres.

distance_to_kerb

Distance to the street kerb of the inlet/instrument/sampler, in metres.

distance_to_junction

Distance to the nearest road junction of the inlet/instrument/sampler, in metres.

distance_to_source

Distance to the main emission source (see variable: “main_emission_source”) of the inlet/instrument/sampler, in kilometres.

heating_emissions

The declaration of the emissions from domestic heating for a representative area of approximately 1 km².

traffic_emissions

The emissions from road traffic for a section of road representative of at least 100 m.

industrial_emissions

The emissions from industry for a representative area of approximately 1 km².

height_facades

The average height of the building facade adjacent to the station (in metres) at the location of the station.

street_width

Width of the street where measurements are being made (if applicable), in metres.

street_type

Type of street where measurements are being made (if applicable).

daytime_traffic_speed

Average daytime speed of the passing traffic where measurements are being made (if applicable), in kilometres per hour.

daily_passing_vehicles

Average number of vehicles passing daily.

data_level

Data level of data reported. This varies per network. If data level is variable per measurement, and not static per reported file, then this is set as “variable”. If there is no reported data level this is set as “none”

climatology

Name of the climatology of which the observations pertain to.

station_name

Name of station where the measurement was conducted.

city

Name of the city the station is located in.

country

Name of the country the station is located in.

administrative_country_division_1

Name of the first (i.e. largest) country administrative division in which the station lies, e.g. countries within soverign state, state, province, county etc. These are defined for the purposes of managing of land and the affairs of people. This is automatically generated using Reverse Geocoder Python package (taking longitude and latitude as inputs).

administrative_country_division_2

Name of the second (i.e. second largest) country administrative division in which the station lies, e.g. countries within soverign state, state, province, county etc. These are defined for the purposes of managing of land and the affairs of people. This is automatically generated using Reverse Geocoder Python package (taking longitude and latitude as inputs).

population

Population size of the nearest urban settlement.

representative_radius

Radius of representativity of the measurements made (i.e. for what distance scale around the sampling point would the measurements be very similar?), given in kilometres. A quantitative version of the “measurement_scale” classification.

network

The name of the network which reports data for the specific station in question.

associated_networks

String pair of associated network name and station reference. Format: network1:station_reference1;network2:station_reference2

area_classification

Standardised network provided classification, describing type of area a measurement station is situated in.

station_classification

Standardised network provided classification, categorising the type of air measured by a station.

main_emission_source

Standardised network provided classification, describing the main emission source influencing air measured at a station.

land_use

Standardised network provided classification, describing the dominant land use in the area of the reporting station.

dispersion_local

Standardised network provided classification, describing the location of the station in relation to nearby buildings and trees.

dispersion_regional

Standardised network provided classification, describing the regional dispersion characteristics or topographic situation on a scale of several kilometres affecting the station.

measurement_scale

Standardised network provided classification, a denotation of the geographic scope of the air quality measurements made.

ESDAC_Iwahashi_landform_classification

European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Iwahashi landform classification. The classification presents relief classes which are classified using an unsupervised nested-means algorithms and a three part geometric signature. Slope gradient, surface texture and local convexity are calculated based on the SRTM30 digital elevation model, within a given window size and classified according to the inherent data set properties. This is a dynamic landform classification method. Native resolution of 0.0083 x 0.0083 degrees. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native class is “water”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”.

ESDAC_modal_Iwahashi_landform_classification_5km

Modal European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Iwahashi landform classification in radius of 5km around station location.

ESDAC_modal_Iwahashi_landform_classification_25km

Modal European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Iwahashi landform classification in radius of 25km around station location.

ESDAC_Meybeck_landform_classification

European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Meybeck landform classification. The classification presents relief classes which are calculated based on the relief roughness. Roughness and elevation are classified based on a digital elevation model according to static thresholds, with a given window size. This is a static landform classification method. Native resolution of 0.0083 x 0.0083 degrees. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native class is “water”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”.

ESDAC_modal_Meybeck_landform_classification_5km

Modal European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Meybeck landform classification in radius of 5km around station location.

ESDAC_modal_Meybeck_landform_classification_25km

Modal European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Meybeck landform classification in radius of 25km around station location.

GHSL_settlement_model_classification

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) settlement model classification (technical label: GHS_SMOD_POPMT_GLOBE_R2019A). The classification delineates and classify settlement typologies via a logic of population size, population and built-up area densities as a refinement of the ‘degree of urbanization’ method described by EUROSTAT. The classification is derived by using the GHS_POP_MT_GLOBE_R2019A and GHS_BUILT_LDSMT_GLOBE_R2018A products. The GHS Settlement Model grid is an improvement of the GHS Settlement Grid (R2016A) introducing a more detailed classification of settlements in two levels, also called ‘refined degree of urbanization’. The Settlement Model is provided at detailed level (Second Level - L2). The First Level, as a porting of the Degree of Urbanization adopted by EUROSTAT can be obtained aggregating L2. Native resolution of 1.0 x 1.0 kilometres.

GHSL_modal_settlement_model_classification_5km

Modal Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) settlement model classification in radius of 5km around station location.

GHSL_modal_settlement_model_classification_25km

Modal Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) settlement model classification in radius of 25km around station location.

Joly-Peuch_classification_code

Joly-Peuch European classification code (range of 1-10) designed to objectively stratify stations between those displaying rural and urban signatures (most rural == 1, most urban == 10). This classification is objectively made per species. The species that this is done for are: O3, NO2, SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5. See reference here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1352231011012088

Koppen-Geiger_classification

Koppen-Geiger classification, classifying the global climates into 5 main groups (30 total groups with subcategories). Native resolution of 0.0083 x 0.0083 degrees. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native class is “water”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”. See citation: Beck, H.E., N.E. Zimmermann, T.R. McVicar, N. Vergopolan, A. Berg, E.F. Wood: Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution, Nature Scientific Data, 2018.

Koppen-Geiger_modal_classification_5km

Modal Koppen-Geiger classification in radius of 5km around station location.

Koppen-Geiger_modal_classification_25km

Modal Koppen-Geiger classification in radius of 25km around station location.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_IGBP_land_use

Majority land use class from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6, using the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) classification. Native resolution of 0.05 x 0.05 degrees. See dataset user guide here: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/101/MCD12_User_Guide_V6.pd. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native class is “water bodies”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_modal_IGBP_land_use_5km

Modal land use in radius of 5km around the station location from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6, using the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) classification.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_modal_IGBP_land_use_25km

Modal land use in radius of 25km around the station location from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6, using the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) classification.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_UMD_land_use

Majority land use class from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6, using the University of Maryland (UMD) classification. Native resolution of 0.05 x 0.05 degrees. See dataset user guide here: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/101/MCD12_User_Guide_V6.pd. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native class is “water bodies”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_modal_UMD_land_use_5km

Modal land use in radius of 5km around the station location from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6, using the University of Maryland (UMD) classification.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_modal_UMD_land_use_25km

Modal land use in radius of 25km around the station location from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6, using the University of Maryland (UMD) classification.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_LAI

Majority Leaf Area Index class from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6. Native resolution of 0.05 x 0.05 degrees. See dataset user guide here: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/101/MCD12_User_Guide_V6.pd. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native class is “water bodies”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_modal_LAI_5km

Modal Leaf Area Index in radius of 5km around the station location from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6.

MODIS_MCD12C1_v6_modal_LAI_25km

Modal Leaf Area Index in radius of 25km around the station location from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) MCD12C1 version 6.

WMO_region

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) region of station. The available regions are: Africa, Asia, South America, “Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean”, South-West Pacific, Europe and Antarctica.

WWF_TEOW_terrestrial_ecoregion

Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (TEOW) World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) classification. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. See citation: Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., DAmico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938.

WWF_TEOW_biogeographical_realm

Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (TEOW) World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) classification. There are 8 biogeographical realms. See citation: Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., DAmico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938.

WWF_TEOW_biome

Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (TEOW) World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) classification. There are 14 biomes. See citation: Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., DAmico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938.

UMBC_anthrome_classification

University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) anthrome classification, describing the anthropogenic land use (for the year 2000). There are 20 distinct classifications. Native resolution of 0.0833 x 0.0833 degrees. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the native anthrome class is “water”, then the modal classification of the neighbouring grid boxes is used instead (lowest code kept preferentially in case of a tie). If the site is truly an “ocean” site, all the surrounding gridcells will be water also, and therefore the class will be maintained as “water”.

UMBC_modal_anthrome_classification_5km

University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) modal anthrome classification in radius of 5km around station location.

UMBC_modal_anthrome_classification_25km

University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) modal anthrome classification in radius of 25km around station location.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_BC_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average BC emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_CO_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average CO emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_NH3_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average NH3 emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_NMVOC_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average NMVOC emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_NOx_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average NOx emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_OC_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average OC emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_PM10_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average PM10 emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_biogenic_PM2.5_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average biogenic PM2.5 emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_fossilfuel_PM2.5_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average fossil fuel PM2.5 emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

EDGAR_v4.3.2_annual_average_SO2_emissions

EDGAR v4.3.2 annual average SO2 emissions, in kilograms per squared metre per second. Native resolution of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees.

ASTER_v3_altitude

Altitude from ASTER v3 digital elevation model, relative to EGM96 geoid vertical datum, in metres. The dataset was generated using 1,880,306 Level-1A scenes (taken from the NASA TERRA spacecraft) acquired between March 1, 2000 and November 30, 2013. The ASTER GDEM was created by stacking all individual cloud-masked scene DEMs and non-cloud-masked scene DEMs, then applying various algorithms to remove abnormal data. A statistical approach is not always effective for anomaly removal in areas with a limited number of images. Several existing reference DEMs were used to replace residual anomalies caused by the insufficient number of stacked scenes. In addition to ASTER GDEM, the ASTER Global Water Body Database (ASTWBD) was generated as a by-product to correct elevation values of water body surfaces like sea, rivers, and lakes. The ASTWBD was applied to GDEM to provide proper elevation values for water body surfaces. The sea and lake have a flattened elevation value. The river has a stepped-down elevation value from the upper stream to the lower stream. Native resolution of 1 arc second ~= 30m at the equator.

ETOPO1_altitude

Altitude from ETOPO1 digital elevation model, relative to sea level vertical datum, in metres. Over Antarctica and Greenland the elevation given is on top of the ice sheets. Native resolution of 1 arc minute. A correction for coastal sites is made: if the derived altitude is <= -5 m, the maximum altitude of the neighbouring grid boxes will be used instead. If all neighbouring grid boxes have altitudes <= -5 m, the original value will be retained.

ETOPO1_max_altitude_difference_5km

Altitude difference between the ETOPO1_altitude, and the minimum ETOPO1 altitude in a radius of 5km around the station location, in metres.

GHSL_built_up_area_density

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) built up area density (technical label: GHS_BUILT_LDSMT_GLOBE_R2018A), in units of built-up area percent per gridcell (0-100). The product is a multitemporal information layer on built-up presence as derived from Landsat image collections (GLS1975, GLS1990, GLS2000, and ad-hoc Landsat 8 collection 2013/2014). Native resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 kilometres.

GHSL_average_built_up_area_density_5km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) average built up area density in a radius of 5km around the station location.

GHSL_average_built_up_area_density_25km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) average built up area density in a radius of 25km around the station location.

GHSL_max_built_up_area_density_5km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) max built up area density in a radius of 5km around the station location.

GHSL_max_built_up_area_density_25km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) max built up area density in a radius of 25km around the station location.

GHSL_population_density

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) population density (technical label: GHS_POP_MT_GLOBE_R2019A), in populus per squared kilometre. It depicts the distribution of population, expressed as the number of people per cell. Residential population estimates for target years 1975, 1990, 2000 and 2015 provided by CIESIN GPWv4.10 were disaggregated from census or administrative units to grid cells, informed by the distribution and density of built-up as mapped in the GHSL global layer per corresponding epoch. Native resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 kilometres.

GHSL_average_population_density_5km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) average population density in a radius of 5km around the station location.

GHSL_average_population_density_25km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) average population density in a radius of 25km around the station location.

GHSL_max_population_density_5km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) max population density in a radius of 5km around the station location.

GHSL_max_population_density_25km

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) max population density in a radius of 25km around the station location.

GPW_population_density

Gridded Population of the World (GPW) population density, in populus per squared kilometre, from either version 3 and 4 of the provided gridded datasets, dependent on the data year: v3 (1990-2000), v4 (2000-2015). Native resolution of 0.04166 x 0.04166 for v3 data; native resolution of 0.0083 x 0.0083 degrees for v4 data.

GPW_average_population_density_5km

Gridded Population of the World (GPW) average population density in a radius of 5km around the station location.

GPW_average_population_density_25km

Gridded Population of the World (GPW) average population density in a radius of 25km around the station location.

GPW_max_population_density_5km

Gridded Population of the World (GPW) maximum population density in a radius of 5km around the station location.

GPW_max_population_density_25km

Gridded Population of the World (GPW) maximum population density in a radius of 25km around the station location.

NOAA-DMSP-OLS_v4_nighttime_stable_lights

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program - Operational Linescane System (DMSP-OLS) version 4 nighttime stable lights. Native resolution of 0.0083 x 0.0083 degrees. The values represent a brightness index ranging from 0 to 63. The sensor saturates at a value of 63.

NOAA-DMSP-OLS_v4_average_nighttime_stable_lights_5km

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program - Operational Linescane System (DMSP-OLS) version 4 average nighttime stable lights in 5km radius around the station location. The values represent a brightness index ranging from 0 to 63. The sensor saturates at a value of 63.

NOAA-DMSP-OLS_v4_average_nighttime_stable_lights_25km

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program - Operational Linescane System (DMSP-OLS) version 4 average nighttime stable lights in 25km radius around the station location. The values represent a brightness index ranging from 0 to 63. The sensor saturates at a value of 63.

NOAA-DMSP-OLS_v4_max_nighttime_stable_lights_5km

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program - Operational Linescane System (DMSP-OLS) version 4 maximum nighttime stable lights in 5km radius around the station location. The values represent a brightness index ranging from 0 to 63. The sensor saturates at a value of 63.

NOAA-DMSP-OLS_v4_max_nighttime_stable_lights_25km

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program - Operational Linescane System (DMSP-OLS) version 4 maximum nighttime stable lights in 25km radius around the station location. The values represent a brightness index ranging from 0 to 63. The sensor saturates at a value of 63.

OMI_level3_column_annual_average_NO2

AURA Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) level3 column annual average NO2, in molecules per squared centimetres. Native resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 degrees.

OMI_level3_column_cloud_screened_annual_average_NO2

AURA Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) level3 column cloud screened (where cloud fraction is less than 30 percent) annual average NO2, in molecules per squared centimetres. Native resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 degrees.

OMI_level3_tropospheric_column_annual_average_NO2

AURA Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) level3 tropospheric column annual average NO2, in molecules per squared centimetres. Native resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 degrees.

OMI_level3_tropospheric_column_cloud_screened_annual_average_NO2

AURA Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) level3 tropospheric column cloud screened (where cloud fraction is less than 30 percent) annual average NO2, in molecules per squared centimetres. Native resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 degrees.

GSFC_coastline_proximity

Proximity to the coastline provided by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Ocean Color Group, in kilometres, produced using the Generic Mapping Tools package. Native resolution of 0.01 x 0.01 degrees. Negative distances represent locations over land (including land-locked bodies of water), while positive distances represent locations over the ocean. There is an uncertainty of up to 1 km in the computed distance at any given point.

primary_sampling_type

Standardised primary sampling type.

primary_sampling_instrument_name

Standardised name of the primary sampling instrument (if no specific instrument is used, or known, this is the standardised primary sampling type).

primary_sampling_instrument_documented_flow_rate

Volume (litres) of fluid which passes to the primary sampling instrument, per unit time (minutes), as given in instrumental manual/documentation. Can be a range: e.g. 1.0-3.0.

primary_sampling_instrument_reported_flow_rate

Volume (litres) of fluid which passes to the primary sampling instrument, per unit time (minutes), as given in metadata. Can be a range: e.g. 1.0-3.0.

primary_sampling_process_details

Miscellaneous details regarding assumptions made in the standardisation of the primary sampling type/instrument.

primary_sampling_instrument_manual_name

Path to the location in the esarchive of the manual for the specific primary sampling instrument.

primary_sampling_further_details

Further associated details regarding the specifics of the primary sampling instrument/type.

sample_preparation_types

Standardised sample preparation types utilised in the measurement process. Multiple types are separated by “;”.

sample_preparation_techniques

Standardised sample preparation techniques utilised in the measurement process. Multiple names are separated by “;”.

sample_preparation_process_details

Miscellaneous details regarding assumptions made in the standardisation of the sample preparation types/techniques. Multiple details specific to different types are separated by “;”.

sample_preparation_further_details

Further associated details regarding the specifics of the sample preparation types/techniques. Multiple details specific to different types are separated by “;”.

measurement_methodology

Standardised name of the measurement methodology.

measuring_instrument_name

Standardised name of the measuring instrument.

measuring_instrument_sampling_type

Standardised name of the measuring instrument sampling type.

measuring_instrument_documented_flow_rate

Volume (litres) of fluid which passes to the measuring instrument, per unit time (minutes), as given in instrumental manual/documentation. Can be a range: e.g. 1.0-3.0.

measuring_instrument_reported_flow_rate

Volume (litres) of fluid which passes to the measuring instrument, per unit time (minutes), as given in metadata. Can be a range: e.g. 1.0-3.0.

measuring_instrument_process_details

Miscellaneous details regarding assumptions made in the standardisation of the measurement methodology/instrument.

measuring_instrument_manual_name

Path to the location in the esarchive of the manual for the specific measuring instrument.

measuring_instrument_further_details

Further associated details regarding the specifics of the measurement methodology/instrument.

measuring_instrument_reported_units

Units that the measured parameter are natively reported in.

measuring_instrument_reported_lower_limit_of_detection

Lower limit of detection of measurement methodology, as given in metadata.

measuring_instrument_documented_lower_limit_of_detection

Lower limit of detection of measurement methodology, as given in the instrumental manual/documentation.

measuring_instrument_reported_upper_limit_of_detection

Upper limit of detection of measurement methodology, as given in metadata.

measuring_instrument_documented_upper_limit_of_detection

Upper limit of detection of measurement methodology, as given in the instrumental manual/documentation.

measuring_instrument_reported_uncertainty

Measurement uncertainty (±), as given in metadata. In principal this refers to the inherent uncertainty on every measurement as a function of the quadratic addition of the accuracy and precision metrics (at the same confidence interval), but is often reported incosistently e.g. being solely determined from random errors (i.e. just the measurement precision). It can be given in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50).

measuring_instrument_documented_uncertainty

Measurement uncertainty (±), as given in the instrumental manual/documentation. In principal this refers to the inherent uncertainty on every measurement as a function of the quadratic addition of the accuracy and precision metrics (at the same confidence interval), but is often reported incosistently e.g. being solely determined from random errors (i.e. just the measurement precision). This can be given in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50).

measuring_instrument_reported_accuracy

Measurement accuracy (±), as given in metadata. Accuracy describes the difference between the measurement and the actual value of the part that is measured. It includes: Bias (a measure of the difference between the true value and the observed value of a part – If the “true” value is unknown, it can be calculated by averaging several measurements with the most accurate measuring equipment available) and Linearity (a measure of how the size of the part affects the bias of a measurement system – It is the difference in the observed bias values through the expected range of measurement). This can be given as in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50).

measuring_instrument_documented_accuracy

Measurement accuracy (±), as given in the instrumental manual/documentation. Accuracy describes the difference between the measurement and the actual value of the part that is measured. It includes: Bias (a measure of the difference between the true value and the observed value of a part – If the “true” value is unknown, it can be calculated by averaging several measurements with the most accurate measuring equipment available) and Linearity (a measure of how the size of the part affects the bias of a measurement system – It is the difference in the observed bias values through the expected range of measurement). This can be given as in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50).

measuring_instrument_reported_precision

Measurement precision (±), as given in metadata. Precision describes the variation you see when you measure the same part repeatedly with the same device. It includes the following two types of variation: Repeatability (variation due to the measuring device – it is the variation observed when the same operator measures the same part repeatedly with the same device) and Reproducibility (variation due to the operators and the interaction between operator and part – It is the variation of the bias observed when different operators measure the same parts using the same device). This can be given as in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50).

measuring_instrument_documented_precision

Measurement precision (±), as given in instrumental manual/documentation. Precision describes the variation you see when you measure the same part repeatedly with the same device. It includes the following two types of variation: Repeatability (variation due to the measuring device – it is the variation observed when the same operator measures the same part repeatedly with the same device) and Reproducibility (variation due to the operators and the interaction between operator and part – It is the variation of the bias observed when different operators measure the same parts using the same device). This can be given as in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50).

measuring_instrument_reported_zero_drift

Zero drift of measuring instrument per unit of time, as given in metadata. Zero drift (or baseline drift) refers to the shifting of the whole calibration by the same amount caused by slippage or due to undue warming up of the electronic circuits. It is reported as the maximum possible drift per unit of time in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%/day); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50/day).

measuring_instrument_documented_zero_drift

Zero drift of measuring instrument per unit of time, as given in instrumental manual/documentation. Zero drift (or baseline drift) refers to the shifting of the whole calibration by the same amount caused by slippage or due to undue warming up of the electronic circuits. It is reported as the maximum possible drift per unit of time in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%/day); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50/day).

measuring_instrument_reported_span_drift

Span drift of measuring instrument per unit of time, as given in metadata. Span drift (or sensitivity drift) refers to when there is proportional change in the indication of an instrument all along the upward scale, hence higher calibrations end up being shifted more than lower calibrations. It is reported as the maximum possible drift per unit of time in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%/day); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50/day).

measuring_instrument_documented_span_drift

Span drift of measuring instrument per unit of time, as given in instrumental manual/documentation. Span drift (or sensitivity drift) refers to when there is proportional change in the indication of an instrument all along the upward scale, hence higher calibrations end up being shifted more than lower calibrations. It is reported as the maximum possible drift per unit of time in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%/day); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50/day).

measuring_instrument_reported_zonal_drift

Zonal drift of measuring instrument per unit of time, as given in metadata. Zonal drift refers to when drift occurs only over a portion of the full scale or span of an instrument, while the remaining portion of the scale remains unaffected. It is reported as the maximum possible drift per unit of time in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%/day); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50/day).

measuring_instrument_documented_zonal_drift

Zonal drift of measuring instrument per unit of time, as given in instrumental manual/documentation. Zonal drift refers to when drift occurs only over a portion of the full scale or span of an instrument, while the remaining portion of the scale remains unaffected. It is reported as the maximum possible drift per unit of time in absolute terms; as a percentage; the greater of either an absolute value or percentage (i.e. 25.0/0.5%/day); or a percentage quantity after a fixed limit (i.e. 0.5%>=50/day).

measuring_instrument_reported_measurement_resolution

Measurement resolution, as given in metadata. The measurement resolution is defined as the smallest change or increment in the measured quantity that the instrument can detect. However it is often reported inconsistently, often being simply the number of digits an instrument can display, which does not relate to the actual physical resolution of the instrument.

measuring_instrument_documented_measurement_resolution

Measurement resolution, as given in instrumental manual/documentation. The measurement resolution is defined as the smallest change or increment in the measured quantity that the instrument can detect. However it is often reported inconsistently, often being simply the number of digits an instrument can display, which does not relate to the actual physical resolution of the instrument.

measuring_instrument_reported_absorption_cross_section

Assumed molecule cross-section for parameter being measured (in cm2/molecule), as given in metadata. This field is only used for parameters being measured using optical methods, where a molecule cross section is assumed for processing the measurement values. Physically it is the effective area of the molecule that photon needs to traverse in order to be absorbed. The larger the absorption cross section, the easier it is to photoexcite the molecule. Can be a range: e.g. 1e-15-1.5e-15.

measuring_instrument_documented_absorption_cross_section

Assumed molecule cross-section for parameter being measured (in cm2/molecule), as given in instrumental manual/documentation. This field is only used for parameters being measured using optical methods, where a molecule cross section is assumed for processing the measurement values. Physically it is the effective area of the molecule that photon needs to traverse in order to be absorbed. The larger the absorption cross section, the easier it is to photoexcite the molecule. Can be a range: e.g. 1e-15-1.5e-15.

measuring_instrument_inlet_information

Description of sampling inlet of the measuring instrument.

measuring_instrument_calibration_scale

Name of calibration scale used for the calibration of the measuring instrument.

network_provided_volume_standard_temperature

The temperature (in Kelvin) associated with the volume of the sampled gas (which varies with temperature and pressure). This volume is typically normalised in-instrument to a standard temperature and pressure. These standard values typically follow network/continental/global standards (e.g. European Union) for the measured component. If no in-instrument normalisation is done then the reported temperature should be reported as the internal temperature of the instrument (i.e. the measurement conditions). If no numbers are reported explicitly per measurement, then the sample gas temperature is assumed to be the known network standard temperature for the measured component.

network_provided_volume_standard_pressure

The pressure (in hPa) associated with the volume of the sampled gas (which varies with temperature and pressure). This volume is typically normalised in-instrument to a standard temperature and pressure. These standard values typically follow network/continental/global standards (e.g. European Union) for the measured component. If no in-instrument normalisation is done then the reported pressure should be reported as the internal pressure of the instrument (i.e. the measurement conditions). If no numbers are reported explicitly per measurement, then the sample gas pressure is assumed to be the known network standard pressure for the measured component.

retrieval_algorithm

The name of the retrieval algorithm. Remote sensing algorithms are used to retrieve the aerosol optical properties (as aerosol optical depths or single scattering albedo among others) using remote-sensing radiances for multiple wavelengths from ground stations or on satellite platforms. Each algorithm is particularly designed considering the characteristics of the sensor and other ancillary information.

principal_investigator_name

Full name of the principal scientific investigator for the specific reported data.

principal_investigator_institution

Institution of the principal scientific investigator for the specific reported data.

principal_investigator_email_address

Email address of the principal scientific investigator for the specific reported data.

contact_name

Full name of the principal data contact for the specific reported data.

contact_institution

Institution of the principal data contact for the specific reported data.

contact_email_address

Email address of the principal data contact for the specific reported data.

meta_update_stamp

Time stamp of metadata updates in integer minutes from 0001-01-01 00:00 UTC.

data_download_stamp

Time stamp of date/time of data download in integer minutes from 0001-01-01 00:00 UTC.

data_revision_stamp

Time stamp of date/time of the last data revision in integer minutes from 0001-01-01 00:00 UTC.

network_sampling_details

Extra details provided by the reporting network about the sampling methods employed.

network_uncertainty_details

Extra details provided by the reporting network about the uncertainties involved with the measurement methods employed.

network_maintenance_details

Extra details provided by the reporting network about the operational maintenance done at the station.

network_qa_details

Extra details provided by the reporting network about the in-network quality assurance of measurements.

network_miscellaneous_details

Extra miscellaneous details provided by the reporting network.

data_licence

Information pertaining to the data licence governing the redistribution/publication of the ingested network data.

process_warnings

Warnings accumulated through GHOST processing regarding the data that should be considered.